Employing gender and diversityinclusivelanguage and images
When words make the difference… Menschen denken in Bildern. Worte, die wir hören oder lesen, beeinflussen diese Bilder – umgekehrt beeinflussen wir sie in anderen Menschen durch die Art und Weise, wie wir sprechen oder schreiben. In der Lehre gilt es diesbezüglich besonders sorgsam zu sein, stehen wir hier doch in einer Verantwortung für die Studierenden. Diversitätsreflektiert zu sprechen und zu schreiben, heißt also auch, sich die Vielfalt und Wandelbarkeit der Welt bewusst zu machen, offen für neue Erfahrungen zu bleiben und anzuerkennen, dass es mehr als eine Sicht auf diese Welt gibt. Wir möchten Sie neugierig machen auf die vielen Facetten der Sprache und ermutigen, gemeinsam mit Ihren Gegenübern verschiedene Sprach- und Wortvarianten auszuprobieren. Oft geht das ganz einfach, zum Beispiel, wenn aus “jede_r, die_der eine Seminararbeit schreibt” die Formulierung wird: “alle, die eine Seminararbeit schreiben”. Sprache ist kein neutrales Werkzeug, sie transportiert Geschichte, eigene Ansprüche und Ansichten, wie folgendes Beispiel deutlich macht: Im Musikbetrieb wird oft von “den Streichern”, „den Bläsern” gesprochen. In dieser Formulierung kommen Musikerinnen nicht vor, sind lediglich mitgemeint. Diese Bezeichnung ist ein ganz offensichtliches historisches Relikt der Tatsache, dass Musikerinnen lange nicht in Orchester aufgenommen wurden, weil ein Orchester nur aus Männern bestand. Die Bezeichnung “Streicher” und „Bläser“ war also völlig ausreichend. Die ersten Orchester, in denen Musikerinnen spielen durften, nannten sich “Frauenorchester”, weil die allgemeine Bezeichnung “Orchester” unausgesprochen für Männer reserviert war. Warum? Weil historisch gesehen die hierarchisierte bürgerliche Geschlechterideologie für diese Benennungspraxis leitend war: Nämlich die Vorstellung von zwei und nur zwei – alles andere sei von der bürgerlichen Norm abweichend – sehr unterschiedlichen Geschlechtern, nach der Frauen sich auf das Private, das Innen, das Gefühl, unbezahlte (Sorge- und Reproduktions-)Arbeiten im Haus – hingegen Männer auf das Öffentliche, das Draußen, die Ratio, bezahlte Erwerbsarbeiten außer Haus und die Regelung von öffentlichen Angelegenheiten konzentrieren sollten. Die Interpretation vom bestimmenden männlichen Geschlecht und dem nachgeordneten weiblichen prägt die bürgerlich-patriarchale westliche Kultur bis heute. Heute wird die Diskussion erweitert zur Inklusion der Geschlechtervielfalt, denn inter*, trans und nicht-binäre Personen, wollen zu recht gleichermaßen mitgedacht und angesprochen werden – und das ist ohne weiteres möglich, wenn wir bereit sind, unsere Bilder im Kopf zu erweitern. Why? Historically, such naming conventions were a product of hierarchized bourgeois gender ideology i.e.: the notion of two very distinct genders – two because everything else was regarded as deviating from bourgeois norm. According to this view, women were supposed to focus on the private sphere, the inner world of feelings, unpaid domestic (reproductive) labor and care work whereas men’s concentration was to be directed towards the public sphere, the outer world, rational thought, wage labor and the management of public affairs. Western bourgeoise-patriarchal culture is still influenced by this portrayal of dominant men and subordinate women. Since intersexual, transgender and non-binary humans rightfully demand to be addressed equally as well as included in thought processes, the discussion has been expanded to include aspects of gender beyond the binary. This can be achieved easily, as long as we are willing to augment the pictures in our heads. (ae/kp) 1 The terms jede and jeder are gendered pronouns literally meaning each women identifying human/student/etc. and each male identifying human/student/etc. The underscore between e_r is used to render visible the fact that there are more genders than represented in the dichotomy of male identifying/women identifying humans. In English the use of singular they would be an equivalent; the phrase above can be translated as “each person who writes their term paper”.
inclusive communication in teaching
Humans are visual beings. The words we hear or read influence the images we have in our mind – the manner in which we speak or write, therefore, also affects the images in other people’s minds.
Teaching demands particular diligence of us given that we are responsible for our students. Talking and writing in a diversity-attuned manner, therefore, also means becoming aware of the world’s changing nature and of diversity, welcoming new experiences and accepting the fact that my personal perception of the world is not the only view that exists.
Our aim is to spark your interest in language’s numerous facets and to encourage you to experiment with different variations of words and variants of language together with the people you meet. In German this can often be done quite easily, for example by exchanging the phrase “jede_r, die_der eine Seminararbeit schreibt”1 with “alle, die eine Seminararbeit schreiben.”2
Language is not a neutral. As the following example shows it mirrors history, social norms and personal opinions:
In the [German] world of music, reference is often made to den Streichern – “male string players” or den Bläsern – “male wind players.” These terms omit female musicians as they are supposedly included in the male version. Such language usage testifies to the historical fact that orchestras did not accept women because an orchestra was supposed to solely consist of men. From a historical perspective the terms Streicher and Bläser were therefore perfectly sufficient. The first orchestras that allowed women referred to themselves as Frauenorchester – “women’s orchestra” because the more general term Orchester – “orchestra” was traditionally reserved for men.
2 „everyone writing a term paper“
„When words make a difference …“
Using inclusive communication in class
- Everyone bears responsibility for how they speak and write. University teachers even more so, however, given their responsibility towards students.
- We can address others respectfully or fail to reach them with the words we choose. Our word choice and the forms of address we use are also capable of hurting others.
- Adopting inclusive language that is aware of gender and diversity aspects does not happen automatically. It is a conscious process for speakers and writers that can be fun, requiring of them active acquisition, continual practice and creativity.
- Communicating in a manner that is gender-inclusive and diversity-attuned necessitates thought concerning,
- whom I want to address in my speaking and writing and
- how to best address these persons.
Intersex persons are neither male nor female, for example. Do not address them with the formula of Mister/Miss Second Name. Instead, a phrase such as “Good Day Toni Volaczek” is fitting. The first name of Toni can refer to both female, male or intersex persons as well as to transgender or non-binary people.
Inspiration for questions
Ideas for possible question that I may ask myself as a teacher/a student.
To what extent do I employ language that is appreciative and diversity-aware in my teaching? | In which manner do I prefer to be addressed in everyday university life? |
In which areas could I become more inclusive? How sure am I that the students in my classes are addressed in the manner they prefer? | Which aspects of gender-inclusive and diversity-aware language are important to me as someone who speaks/writes? |
How much time do I spend on making sure that I am addressing all genders equally? | To which extent are aspects of diversity mirrored in the way I communicate? Are there areas where there is room for improvement? |
With whom can I discuss any questions I may have concerning gender-inclusive and diversity-aware language? | As a student, what is my perception of gender-inclusive and diversity-aware language? |
What setting do I require in order to be able to talk to my colleagues about how they implement the standard of gender-inclusive and diversity-aware language in their teaching? | Do I have any knowledge of the reasons why gender-inclusive and diversity-aware language was not used across many societies and why its use can actually make a difference in everyday life? Do I know where to get such insights? |
Detour: nonverbal communication
Conversation does not happen solely in the words we utter but is greatly impacted by body language. The gestures we use as well as our facial expressions mirror our [current] state and our attitudes towards our fellow human beings. They can express appreciation, be testament to an inclusive mindset and make other people feel accepted. It is, therefore, important to be aware of our own body language and to continually seek exterior feedback in relation to it from colleagues or students. Doing so can render unconscious gestures conscious, enabling us to question the effects they have.
Further links and tools
for reading and exploring
- diskriminierendes Sprachhandeln [available in German only]
- Empfehlung zu gendergerechter, digital barrierefreier Sprache - eine repräsentative Studie [available in German only]
- Fair in Wort und Bild. Ein Leitfaden für die mdw [links to a PDF document in German]
- Gendergerechte Sprache barrierefrei gestalten (OSYPOVA 2022) [available in German only]
- Gender-Inclusive Language
- gewaltvolles Sprechen [available in German only]
- Sprecher_innenpositionen [available in German only]
- The stumbling block of gender (study, rheingold institute)
- Tipps und Tools für diskriminierungsfreies Schreiben und Sprechen [available in German only]
- Was tun? Sprachhandeln – aber wie? W_Ortungen statt Tatenlosigkeit [available in German only]